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Derma Lab - Acne

Derma Lab - Acne

Causes

  1. Excess Oil Production (Sebum): Hormonal changes (especially androgens during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy) cause the oil glands to enlarge and produce too much sebum.
  2. Clogged Pores: Excess sebum mixes with dead skin cells and clogs the hair follicle, forming a plug.
  3. Bacteria: The bacterium C. acnes (formerly P. acnes), which normally lives on the skin, thrives in the clogged, oily environment, leading to infection.
  4. Inflammation: The body's immune response to the bacteria and clogged pores causes swelling, redness, and pain.

Common Symptoms

Type of Lesion

  

Type of Lesion

  

Non-

Inflammatory

Appearance & Description

Inflammatory

Appearance & Description

Blackheads (Open Comedones)

Small, dark spots where the pore is clogged but open to the air, causing the oil/cells to oxidize and turn black.

Papules

Small, raised, solid red bumps that are tender to the touch (no visible pus).

Whiteheads (Closed Comedones)

Small, white or flesh-colored bumps where the pore is fully blocked.

Pustules

Raised red spots with a white or yellow center of pus (the common "pimple").
   

Nodules

Large, painful, solid lumps deep under the skin.
   

Cysts

Large, painful, pus-filled lumps deep under the skin; often lead to scarring.




Lifestyle Dos & Don'ts

✅ DOs

❌ DON'Ts

Wash gently twice a day with a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser and lukewarm water.

DO NOT pick, pop, or squeeze your spots. This pushes bacteria deeper, increases inflammation, and causes scarring/dark spots.

Use "non-comedogenic" or "oil-free" moisturiser, sunscreen and makeup to prevent pore-clogging.

Avoid over-washing or using harsh scrubs/soaps, as this disrupts the skin barrier leading to increased sensitivity and can worsen breakouts.

Change and wash your pillowcases, hats, and towels regularly to remove oil and bacteria.

Don't constantly touch your face, which transfers dirt, oil, and bacteria from your hands.

Shower immediately after working out to prevent sweat and bacteria from clogging pores on your face and body.

Limit foods that are high in refined sugars (high glycemic index) or excessive dairy, as these are sometimes linked to acne flare-ups.

Manage stress, as high cortisol levels can trigger oil production.

Avoid oily hair products (heavy pomades, waxes, hair oils) that can migrate to the forehead and clog pores ("pomade acne").
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